Legal Review of Local Wisdom of Indigenous Communities of Siak District in the Management of Slum Housing and Slum Settlement Locations ( A Study at Kampung Buatan II , Koto Ghasib Subdistrict )

Environmental wisdom is intended as an activity and process of thinking, acting and behaving wisely and prudently in observing, utilizing and cultivating nature as an environment and the life of mankind reciprocally. The success of environmental wisdom is usually characterized by productivity, sustainability and equitability or decisions that are wise, right, exact, fair, matching and harmonious. By looking at the various explanations above, the Local Government of Siak Regency has a role in identifying various local wisdoms in its region. Of course, the local wisdom needs to be preserved and maintained by increasing the participation of indigenous people through regional development programs. Especially in the field of environment, it is the main task of the regional government to restore the environment as it should. In this regard, in the field of environment according to the mandate of Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlements, it is explained that the regional government has the authority to make arrangements and determine the location of slum housings and slum areas Article Info Abstract


Introduction
Environmental wisdom is intended as an activity and process of thinking, acting and behaving wisely and prudently in observing, utilizing and cultivating nature as an environment and the life of mankind reciprocally.The success of environmental wisdom is usually characterized by productivity, sustainability and equitability or decisions that are wise, right, exact, fair, matching and harmonious.
By looking at the various explanations above, the Local Government of Siak Regency has a role in identifying various local wisdoms in its region.Of course, the local wisdom needs (Article 98 paragraph 3).Of course in the implementation of the restoration of slum housings and slum areas, if it does not involve the local wisdom of the local community, the implementation will experience difficulties.
As we all know, the need for housing every year has increased in line with the increase in urban areas in various regions in Indonesia.The 1945 Constitution, in the provisions of Article 28 H paragraph (1) states that "Every person has the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity, to live, and to get a good and healthy environment and the right to receive health services".The mandate of the 1945 Constitution positions that a house or place of residence is the right of every person, a home is a basic human need in increasing dignity, quality of life, and as a reflection of oneself.Moreover, houses also play a role in the formation character and personality of the nation.Thus, the existence of this regional regulation will help local governments in alleviating poverty in Siak Regency.
Based on the mandate of the constitution above, in 2016, the local government conducted a study review by drafting a plan for urban slum areas in Siak Regency.The results of the study established new area of slum and slum settlement locations in Siak Regency from 3 (three) sub-districts to become 4 (four) sub-districts (Documents for Drafting the Urban Slum Settlement Area of Siak Regency, 2016).The addition of new sub-districts, namely Koto Gashib Subdistrict with Kampung Artificial II Village and Artificial Village II Area, was stated with legality as community land.
The establishment was stated in the form of regent regulations, namely the Regent Decree Number 302/HK/KPTS/2017 about the Location of Slum and Slum Housing Areas in Siak Regency.Based on this, the regent's regulation should have been implemented properly (Regent Decree No. 302/HK/KPTS/2017 concerning the Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlement of Siak Regency).However, until now it has not been implemented as it should be.
Based on that matter, the local government should establish cooperation with indigenous peoples through a partnership pattern program, i.e. community participation in structuring slum and slum housing locations in Siak Regency.Partnership patterns, among stakeholders, can be developed in an effort to improve the quality of slums and slum housings.This pattern includes partnerships between the Government and/or local government with each person (Ministerial Regulation of PUPR No. 02/PRT/M/2016).

Slum Area of Kampung Buatan II, Koto Ghasib Subdistrict
The physical characteristics of the slum area of Kampung Buatan II have several indicators; one of them is that the regularity of buildings 10% of residential buildings has no order.The building density is low with a density of 20 units/ha.The physical feasibility of buildings in the Kampung Buatan II slum area is 3%.Residential buildings have Floor Area <7.2 m2 per person and 6% of the residential buildings have roof, wall, and floor conditions which are not appropriate to technical requirements.As for the environmental accessibility, 71% of the settlement areas are not provided with adequate environmental road networks and 49% of the condition of the road networks in the residential areas have poor quality.0% of the environmental drainage settlement areas get inundation/flooding and 30% of the condition of the drainage network at the residential location has poor quality.
Regarding the drinking/raw water services in the slums of Kampung Tualang, 53% of the residential buildings in the residential locations are not served by the Clean/Raw Water from neither pipeline nor protected non-piped networks and 15% of the community needs of at-least-60 liters/person per day (Bath, Drink, Wash) are not fulfilled.In the wastewater management, 20% of the residential buildings in the residential locations do not have access to communal latrines/toilets; 60% of the residential buildings in the residential locations do not have toilets (Swan Neck) connected to septic tanks; 100% of domestic sewage disposal channels are mixed with Environmental Drainage.The solid waste management indicator for 58% of domestic domestic waste in residential areas is transported to TPS / TPA less than 2 times a week.In terms of protection against fire hazards, 100% of the residential areas in the slum area of Kampung Buatan II do not provide fire protection infrastructure/facilities.
In the non-physical criteria, there are several indicators such as the legality of building construction in which, in the Kampung Buatan II slum area, 100% of the buildings do not have a building permit while 21% of the land of Residential Buildings do not have SHM/HGB/Letters recognized by the government.The population density reaches 86 people/Ha with a percentage of 70% do fishing/fishery for living (household unit).In terms of the using of electric power, 75% of the majority of households use <450 watts of electricity (household unit).For health facilities, 89% of the majority of households in the residential areas use health facilities in the form of PUSKESMAS (Community Health centers) or PUSTU (Public Health Center).80% of the majority of households make use of educational service facilities, indicated by people who experience the 9-year compulsory education (Primary Schools-Junior High Schools) get access to basic education in the same village/subdistrict (household unit).
According to the Regent's Decree Number 523/HK/KPTS/2014 concerning the Determination of Slum Housing and Slum Settlement Locations in Siak Regency, Siak has a slum area of 109.909Ha.This is very different when compared with the results of the 2016 RP2KPKP verification that had been carried out showing that Siak Regency has a slum area of 172.86 Ha.The slum areas in Siak Regency are divided into 5 regions, in accordance with the Bupati's Decree with a comparison of slum areas based on the verification of RP2KPKP 2016.The areas include (1) Slum Areas Over the Perawang Pipe, Perawang Village, Tualang Subdistrict, RW 06 RT 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 with the area of slums according to the Regent's Decree 26,092 Ha.On the results of the 2016 RP2KPKP verification, it was found that the Slum Area of the Upper Perawang Pipe RW 06 RT 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15 had a slum area of 30.91 Ha with a ratio of 4.818 Ha. (2) Slum Area in lower Perawang Pipe RW 01 RT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 has a slum area of 14,099 Ha.On the results of the 2016 RP2KPKP verification, it was found that the Lower Perawang Pipe Area RW 01 RT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 had a slum area of 15.19 Ha with a ratio of 1.091 Ha. (3) Slum Area over Pasar Perawang which covers RW 02 RT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 has a slum area of 10.674 Ha according to the Regent's Decree.On the results of the 2016 RP2KPKP verification, it was found that Slum Area over Pasar Perawang RW 02 RT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 had a slum area of 15.39 Ha with a ratio of 4.716 Ha.
Based on the results of the verification and identification of urban slum areas in Siak Regency in 2016, 7 (seven) locations were found in slum areas spread over 7 (seven) kelurahan/villages and 4 sub-districts in Siak Regency.The results of the verification and identification itself were carried out through the results of discussions and direct surveys with the Pokjanis Team, P2KKP Team, BKM/KSM, and the village/kelurahan officials regarding the results of an area of 172.86 Ha.Based on these results, the location of slum settlements based on the results of the verification and identification can be seen in the following table.Based on the table above, in 2017 the Siak Regency Government released a policy issuing regulations in the form of a Regent Decree Number 303/HK/KPTS/2017 concerning the Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlement Areas in Siak Regency.The government then explained that Kampung Buatan II slum area was a typological lowlands slum area, having an area of ± 5.63 Ha with the number of households of 107, or 528 persons, and located in RW 06, RT 10, 11, 12, 13 of Kelurahan Desa Buatan, Koto Ghasib Subdistrict, Siak Regency.The potentials and problems of slums in Kampung Buatan II include some aspects such as the vileness conditions, while the indicator is the condition of the buildings.
The problem is that there are 29 building units at the location that are not wellorganized.18 houses are not suitable for habitation.18 building units at the location do not meet the technical requirements for the indicator, judging at the environmental conditions of the road.Then the problem that arises is the improper 483-meter environmental roads which are not in accordance with technical requirements.
Regarding the condition of drinking water supply, the problem is that 25 households cannot get clean and decent drinking water.The need of water of 15 household units does not meet with the availability.As for the indicators of environmental drainage conditions, the problem is that there is no environmental drainage channel in an area of 31.2 hectares.Furthermore, 621 meters of environmental drainage is not connected to the hierarchy above it.
In terms of the indicator of the wastewater management condition, the problem is that 7 households have family latrines or shared latrines that do not meet the technical standards (toilets should be connected to septic tanks).An area of 5.63 Ha has access to family toilets/shared toilets that do not meet the technical standards.
In terms of the indicator of the solid waste management condition, the problem is that 69 people do not carry their garbage to TPS/TPA at least twice a week.An area of 3.65 Ha does not have solid waste infrastructure that complies with technical standards.Whereas, for the indicator of fire protection condition, the problem is that the area of 5.63 Ha does not have a fire protection system.The complete report can be described in the following figure:

Strategy for Prevention and Improvement of Slum Areas in Kampung Buatan II in Koto Ghasib Subdistrict
The concept of prevention and improvement of the quality of city-scale slums is based on the city's strategic issues and an overview of the policies in Siak Regency.The policies for handling slum problems in Siak Regency are:

The mission of settlement development in Siak Regencyk
1. Providing settlements for low-income communities and developing habitable residential areas 2. Building, improving and equalizing the development of residential area infrastructure through the improvement of road infrastructure, electricity, water resources management, environmental management, and spatial planning The results of the policy overview in Siak Regency The establishment of the Self-Help Group has some purposes: 1.As an effort to optimize the role of the community in managing housing and settlements that are livable and sustainable.2. The formation of community self-help groups can be facilitated by the Regional Government in the form of: Settlements.The local wisdom is adopted examining the noble values that apply in the order of life of the community to realize healthy, safe, harmonious and orderly housing and settlements.Indeed, the improvement the quality of slums and slum settlements in Siak Regency, especially in Kampung Buatan II, needs to be done by considering local wisdom that applies to local communities as long as not contradicting the provisions of the legislation.
Based on the explanation above, one way to deal with problem areas in Siak Regency is to run a Kampung Improvement Project (KIP) which is a program to improve urban villages that occur due to high urbanization and will ultimately create city slums.
The main target of the Kampung Improvement Program is directed at the pockets of slum settlements that are problematic and poor.Such problematic and poor settlements are found in the environmental conditions that can be said to be relatively well organized, such as residential areas located in sub-districts classified as densely populated urban settlements, but most of the population is classified as low and middle-income communities, such as Sungai Mandau Subdistrict, Koto Ghasib, and Siak Subdistricts, which are passed by the Siak River, so that most of the people residing in the riverbank areas belonging to the problematic settlements.In addition, densely populated settlements in Siak Sub-District are not only in the riverbank area but also in city slums because Siak is the center of government and economic activities so that it does not escape the main population problems in urban center activities.Other problematic area categories are residential areas that occupy land under the electricity network, such as those in Kandis Subdistrict so that further treatment is needed with the planned village improvement programs in Siak Regency.
The formulation of the plan of environmental handling for special residential areas in Siak Regency basically refers to the coastal areas of the Siak River, which is mostly occupied by people who work as fishermen.The riverbank areas that stretch along the Siak River make the development area of the fishery area very uncontrolled.Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a special handling concept for fishermen's residential areas in parts of the coastal area of the Siak River.The handling pattern of the "Kampung Improvement Project" that is applied to problematic areas can also be applied to special fishery area settlements in several subdistricts in Siak Regency because the conditions are not much different from the slum areas in the riverbank area where the majority of which are fishing villages like in Koto Ghasib Subdistrict, especially in Kampung Buatan II since the area is on the riverbank and is a settlement that tends to be slum and unorganized in terms of the waste handling and infrastructure management.The rearrangement of residential areas that tend to be neglected and slum due to settlement environment problems that have become common problems on densely populated urban occurs because of the high level of population density caused by the explosion of urbanization and many land use violations.

Local Wisdom of the Indigenous Peoples of Siak Regency in Arranging the Location of Housing and Slum Settlements
By the Siak Regency Government through the Kampung Improvement Program, the settlements that were originally lying on the river banks can be arranged so that they are no longer in the area around the Siak river.Starting off with the planning preparation of the Kampung Improvement Project as a basis for community planning (community action plan), the community is actively involved in each stage the planning.Through the Kampung Improvement Program, the local government strives to maximize the involvement of indigenous people with their Malay cultural values.
At the beginning of the structuring program, it was not without pros and cons in the community.Through a strategy of embracing all components to be actively involved in the program planning and implementation process, the structuring can work well.Nevertheless, the implementation has not maximally involved the Riau Malay Customary Institution of Siak Regency.
If further explored, that within the Malay indigenous community, the arrangement of slum housing and slum areas has been known from time to time.Even the local wisdom of Malay indigenous people has been poured in the form of sya'ir (poem) and sayings about nature in general.These local wisdom values can be described in the next explanation.
The attention of Malays to nature shows that Malays always maintain the balance and harmonization of nature because nature is part of their life order.It means that if the natural environment is preserved, there will be many benefits that can be felt such as: "ada kayu untuk beramu, ada tumbuhan untuk ramuan ada hewan untuk buruan, ada getah membawa faedah ada buah membawa berkah, ada rotan penambah penghasilan".
[there is wood for mixing, there are herbs for concoction there are animals for hunting, there are sap bringing benefits there is fruit that brings blessings, there is a rattan that increases income] Designers and implementers of development should understand the ins and outs of religion and culture and the social norms of their communities so that development is truly beneficial for all levels of society.In this context, the Malay people convey a message to the Siak Regency Government that as a designer and executor of development, they should understand the values of Malay culture and Islam in implementing regional development, especially for Kampung Buatan II in Koto Ghasib Subdistrict in structuring its slum housing and slum settlements.
[if culture is not seen, it's a sign that a nation will get harm; if tradition is not remembered, the people will gradually be in misery.if development shall get blessings, religion should not be neglected; if fostering shall be useful, customs should never be abandoned.] Beside the traditional expressions above, there are other traditional expressions relating to conducting the arrangements of slum housing and slum settlements such as: apabila alam sudah binasa, balak turun celaka tiba hidup melarat terlunta-lunta pergi ke laut malang menimpa pergi ke darat miskin dan papa [when nature has perished, disaster comes, misery arrives life is destitute going to the sea, misery befalls going to the land, poor and needy] apabila alam menjadi rusak, turun temurun hidup kan kemak pergi ke laut di telan ombak pergi ke darat kepala tersundak hidup susah dada pun sesak periuk terjerang nasi tak masak [if nature becomes damaged, from generation to generation, life will be uneasy going to the sea, swallowed by the waves going ashore head is stumped life is hard, chest is tight pots are boiled, rice is unripe] siapa suka merusak alam, akalnya busuk hatinya lebam siapa suka membinasakan alam, akal menyalah hati pun hitam [who likes to destroy nature, his heart is rotten and bruised who likes to destroy nature, his mind is faulty, his heart blackens] siapa suka merusak lingkungan, tanda hatinya sudah menyetan [who likes to damage the environment, the sign of his heart has been evil]

Conclusion
The existence of the local wisdom of the indigenous people of Siak Regency in structuring the location of slums and slum settlements is inseparable from the work program "Kampung Improvement Project" if viewed from the legal aspect of structuring the location of housing and slum settlement, as mandated on: The existence of indigenous wisdom of Indigenous people in Kampung Buatan II, Koto Ghasib Subdistrict did not work optimally because it had not maximized the role of the Riau Malay Customary Institution in Siak Regency.However, the noble values of local wisdom in Malay indigenous communities in structuring the location of housing and slum settlements have been known from their ancestors expressed in a proverb or customary expression in preserving the nature around them to create a clean and healthy life by understanding that the development should understand the ins and outs of religion and culture and the social norms of the people, so that the development is truly beneficial for all levels of society.

Figure 4
Figure 4.2.The Profile of Slum Area in Kampung Buatan II a. Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlements; b.Article 37 and Article 51 of the Regulation of the Minister of PUPR Number 2/PRT/M/2016 concerning Quality Improvement of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements; c. Siak Regency Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Long-Term Regional Development Plan for the Siak Regency in 2005-2025; d.Siak Regency Regional Regulation No. 28 of 2011 concerning the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Siak Regency 2011-2016; e. Neighborhood Association and Citizen Association (RT RW) of Siak Regency; f.Regent Decree Number 523/HK/KPTS/2014 concerning Determining the Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements in Siak Regency; g.Regent Decree Number 302/HK/KPTS/2017 concerning Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements of Siak Regency.

Table . 5
.1 The Distribution of Urban Slum Settlement Areas of Siak Regency The patterns of handling management are continued through processing to maintain the quality of housing and settlements.In the community empowerment in Kampung Buatan II, Koto Ghasib Subdistrict, Siak Regency Government, based on Article 37 of the Regulation of the Minister of PUPR (Public Works and Human Settlements) Number 2/PRT/M/2016 in 2016, established a Self-Help Group.
. provision of facilities and/or assistance; d. coordination between stakeholders periodically or as needed; e. implementation of housing and settlement studies; and/or f. development of information and communication systems.g.Community self-help groups are self-funded by the community.The establishment of the Community Self-Help Group is carried out by examining the values of local wisdom as mandated in Article 51 of the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing No. 2/PRT/M/2016 concerning Quality Improvement of Slum and Slum a. provision and socialization of norms, standards, guidelines and criteria; b. provision of guidance, training/counseling, supervision, and consultation; c