Socio-Economic Mapping of Tarai Bangun Village, Tambang District, Kampar Province, Riau District

Community welfare is a national goal stated in the 1945 Constitution. To realize this, efforts are needed, one of which is in the social field. The economic downturn had an impact on the birth of social inequality. The basic problem of social inequality is the lack of basic needs, the powerlessness and involvement of the wider community in the decision-making process, as well as the problem of peace and vulnerability to risks. To overcome these social problems, the government as a driver to achieve equality in social problems (Yurnas, Sarwinda, & Muttakin, 2015). One of them is Tarai Bangun Village which is a self-sufficient village. Tarai Bangun Village is the name of an area in the Tambang District of Kampar Regency which according to history has been established through the division of the parent village, Kualu Village. In the beginning, the village of Tarai Bangun was a region that was divided into 2 (two) regions, namely IV Tarai and V Rawa Bangun. Along with regional development and population growth, in 2000 a preparatory division committee for the preparation of Tarai Bangun Village was formed. Apart from the limited infrastructure and other supporting facilities, finally, in 2002 a village was born (Preparation). Tarai Bangun Village, Tambang District is bordered by Tuah Karya Village in the north, Kualu Village in the south, Tuah Karya Village in the east and Rimbo Panjang Village in the west. This village is a village that is close to the provincial government which is approximately 17km, while the district government itself is approximately 60km. The village is located on the border of Pekanbaru City with Kampar Regency with an area of 1700ha, with details of dry land covering an area of 1192ha, wetland covering an area of 180ha, plantation land covering an area of 250ha and public facilities land area of 78ha. Tarai Wake is a village located in Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia. Access to the location of Tarai Bangun Village is easily accessible because it is located alongside the Kubang highway, the road that connects Panam with Siak Hulu Village (Badan Pusat Statistik Kampar, 2018). Article Info Abstract


INTRODUCTION
Community welfare is a national goal stated in the 1945 Constitution. To realize this, efforts are needed, one of which is in the social field. The economic downturn had an impact on the birth of social inequality. The basic problem of social inequality is the lack of basic needs, the powerlessness and involvement of the wider community in the decision-making process, as well as the problem of peace and vulnerability to risks. To overcome these social problems, the government as a driver to achieve equality in social problems (Yurnas, Sarwinda, & Muttakin, 2015).
One of them is Tarai Bangun Village which is a self-sufficient village. Tarai Bangun Village is the name of an area in the Tambang District of Kampar Regency which according to history has been established through the division of the parent village, Kualu Village. In the beginning, the village of Tarai Bangun was a region that was divided into 2 (two) regions, namely IV Tarai and V Rawa Bangun. Along with regional development and population growth, in 2000 a preparatory division committee for the preparation of Tarai Bangun Village was formed. Apart from the limited infrastructure and other supporting facilities, finally, in 2002 a village was born (Preparation). Tarai Bangun Village, Tambang District is bordered by Tuah Karya Village in the north, Kualu Village in the south, Tuah Karya Village in the east and Rimbo Panjang Village in the west. This village is a village that is close to the provincial government which is approximately 17km, while the district government itself is approximately 60km. The village is located on the border of Pekanbaru City with Kampar Regency with an area of 1700ha, with details of dry land covering an area of 1192ha, wetland covering an area of 180ha, plantation land covering an area of 250ha and public facilities land area of 78ha. Tarai Wake is a village located in Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia. Access to the location of Tarai Bangun Village is easily accessible because it is located alongside the Kubang highway, the road that connects Panam with Siak Hulu Village (Badan Pusat Statistik Kampar, 2018).
The influence of the geographical environment on the social conditions of the community shows that most of the dense residential areas. With a population density that continues to increase every year, as well as inadequate water irrigation channels in this village area every time heavy rains are subscribed to flooding. It is also inseparable from the many social problems in the village, due to the village's position on the border and the edge of the city and the initial gate entering the city of Pekanbaru itself. Therefore we need proper handling in this case by way of mapping beforehand.
The Socio-economic map is a systematic activity to collect data and information on a micro-scale or village level with a high level of detail. Social-economic mapping is defined as a process of depicting a systematic community and involves collecting data and information about the community, including profiles and socio-economic problems that exist in these communities (Meilantina, 2013). The purpose of mapping is to understand the profile and characteristics of villages, potential and problems, as well as efforts to overcome the problems that have been made and planned activities. Mapping can be input and material for development planning and community development programs for various parties including local governments, the private sector and non-governmental organizations in a more comprehensive manner. Although it requires further research into the characteristics of a village and its people, the results of this activity map the problems of the community and which sectors should be improved (Karuppasamy, Mandava Sai Aravind, & Selvakumar, 2020).
The characteristics of the village can be reviewed from several aspects: occupation, location, population density, and social life of society. Based on the elements of the forming and characteristic of the rural areas, each rural area also has different characteristics, there is a village that developed and there are also villages left behind. The development of the village is influenced by 4 elements, namely location, climate, land, and rural area (Qoroni, 2005). Based on the level of development, in Indonesia, there are three categories of the village, nongovernmental village, Swakarsa village, and self-sufficiency village. In the formulation of development policy development, the village can also be grouped into 3 categories i.e. fast-growing villages, potential villages developing, and lagging villages.
In the context of rural areas, also known livelihood system. Livelihood Rural or more commonly known Livelihood are a system integrated from the related elements in the country's life. Livelihood is a term used to assess the condition of a rural community at a level of society, particularly concerning rural communities where the lives of all families and communities in each region can be seen from several aspects such as individual and group efforts, economic actions and conditions, and social and cultural capabilities in a particular environment (Rudiarto, 2010).
In measuring and assessing rural livelihood in a region there are several criteria used are 1)distribution and disparity of living standards between and in families, 2)distribution and disparity of living standards between farmers and non-farmers, 3)spatial distribution and disparity of living standards, 4)the existence of education and health infrastructures, such as schools, health and pharmaceutical services, quality of water supply, and other services, 5) the existence of markets and administrative infrastructure, for all sourcing, selling products, and servicing, 6)transport, energy, and water infrastructure include road network, transportation, price and quality of clean water availability, as well as price and availability of electricity, 7)help communities and social organisations in communities such as environmental support, and so on, 8)cultural organizations in society (Doppler, 2006).
Livelihood in a narrower sense is known as living standard. The term living standard is used for family level, while rural livelihood is used at the society level especially rural community. The term living standard is used to demonstrate the results of the family business, actions and economic conditions, and social and cultural capabilities in a particular environment. In measuring and assessing the living standards of a family there are several criteria used are 1)family income (income from agriculture and non-agricultural income), 2)cash and liquidity, 3)independence from the owner of the resource, 4)food availability and food security, 5)water availability, housing, sanitation equipment, energy and clothing, 6)family health conditions, 7)education and skills, 8)social security (Doppler, 2006).
Accessibility is a level of ease for a person to achieve a particular location, this accessibility is very related to the location of a region to other regions, especially location distance to public service centres, which is spatially identical to the provincial capital and the district/city capital. Besides related to location distance, accessibility is also related to time and cost.
The level of regional accessibility can also be measured based on several variables i.e. road network availability, the number of transportation equipment, length, road width, and road quality (Farida, 2013). Accessibility in a region is also very related to the transportation system. The elements of accessibility include infrastructure, namely the network of transportation roads and means used to use it, in this case, the existence of transportation (Ellis, 1997). In determining accessibility, the topographical factor can also affect the functionality of low accessibility. This is because topography can be a barrier for the smoothness to conduct interactions in an area (Parlindungan, 2010).
In rural spaces, accessibility is closely related to basic needs that are indirectly related to aspects of social welfare and economic aspects. In rural areas, accessibility can be interpreted as a community's ability to reach productive resources including capital, information, and production and market facilities (Setiawan, 2006). The village community's real access to these productive sources is thought to be increasing with the well-being of road and transport (transportation) networks. The importance of transportation systems in rural areas, making accessibility as one of the determinants in rural development. With increasing transportation developments and increasing accessibility, the countryside will be able to improve the economy in rural areas. In rural areas, the socio-economic characteristics of the farmer family are directly influenced by the physical condition of the environment thereby creating a different socioeconomic development. The condition then creates a spatial relationship between socioeconomic and environmental physical characteristics (Rudiarto, 2010).
Related to the differences in socio-economic characteristics of each household in the farming system, remote sensing and GIS can be used to integrate aspects of social economic and physical circles in the spatial level. By integrating these two aspects through an RS or GIS application, it can be created zones that have the same characteristics. Physical analysis of this environment is not only based on soil conditions but also related to the existence of infrastructure such as road network that is an accessibility determinant factor in an area which is also an important factor in regional economic development. In conducting spatial analysis using this GIS technique used one of them is the interpolation technique. Spatial interpolation is a procedure for estimating the value of a variable in the field based on a sample location within a region covered by the sample location or in other words, some many known locations and values can be used to create grids by simply estimating the value at the centre of each grid cell (Li, Jin, & Heap, 2008).
According to the law No. 26 of 2007 on a spatial arrangement, rural areas are areas that have major agricultural activities, including the management of natural resources with the arrangement of functions of the area as a rural settlement, government services, social services, and economic activities. A region can be called rural because it has characteristics that are not equal to Urban (Kandasamy & Uma, 1999). In rural areas, the land woke less than nonawakened land. Most of the land is functioning as rural farmland. Based on the condition, it is very important to research the socio-economic characteristics of the community in each rural area, especially in the Tambang district.
This study aims to identify environmental factors and the context of vulnerability in local communities, identify social problems and illustrate the socio-economic conditions of local communities, and identify key actors and groups that are influential in the community. The results of the mapping are expected to be useful as a material for the preparation of a strategic development plan which includes: supporting infrastructure development programs, improving social, economic, and cultural conditions and public health (Rudito & Famiola, 2013).

Research Design
The mapping activity was carried out in Tarai Bangun Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The research design was carried out qualitatively and descriptively.

Setting and Participants
Individual interviews were conducted with 8 to 12 residents and several key informants to obtain a deeper study and to fulfil the principles of triangulation. The sampling technique is not specifically determined (purposive) but is random sampling. While secondary data is collected for desk study by reviewing information and data available in various related institutions, namely the Village Office.

Data Collection Method(s) and Analysis
Data collected includes primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected at the village level using the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) approach with representative samples, indepth interviews and observations. Secondary data collected included the Annual Village Work Plan (RKP Desa), the RPJM Desa, Kecamatan in Digits, the PDRB of the Kampar Regency, and others.

Findings
The mapping activity obtained research results from several conditions namely the demographic, infrastructure, psychographic, economic and social conditions of the community.

A. Demographic Conditions
The population of Tarai Bangun Village is 38,810 people consisting of 19,519 men and 18,661 women with a percentage of men 51.12% and women 48.88%. The number of households 9,846 households. So the population density of 2,245 people per (km 2 ). The population-based on age and education can be seen in the following Besides the data on the number of residents based on education, this study also obtained the number of illiterate people. Data shows that the community is at school age and productive. On the other hand, the number of poor people, dropping out of school and illiteracy (illiteracy) is quite high. Therefore it is necessary to provide learning to these illiterate citizens to be able to read.

B. Infrastructure Conditions
The education facilities in Tarai Bangun Village consist of playgroups, kindergartens, private elementary/elementary schools, and junior high schools, and pesantren. Results Oversight ma tan indicates that the existing educational facilities in a condition suitable to be used but for basic school equipment, kindergarten and PG is still inadequate. The number of health facilities in Tarai Bangun Village is 1 sub-health centre, 2 doctor's offices, 1 polyclinic, 5 posyandu which are under the health centre, 16 drug stores, health facilities in this village also have good facilities and routine running health activities including inspection and outreach activities and selling drugs.

C. Psychographic Conditions
The religion adopted by the community of Tarai Bangun Village is the religion of the majority of the population is Islam. Some religious activities are often carried out wirid, yasinan, majelis taqlim and others. Islamic religious facilities in the form of mosques and langgar / surau / mushola, Protestant and Catholic churches. The condition of the mosque's facilities and worship facilities is good and complete. As for the langgar / surau / mosque and church although in good condition, they still need to be equipped with visiting facilities.

Source: Results of research observations and interviews
Besides, the residents of Tarai Bangun Village also consist of various tribes such as the Malays, Minangs, Javanese and Bataks. The Malay tribe is the original tribe in the area, while the other tribes are migrants. But the number of indigenous tribes is not dominant than immigrant tribes.

D. Economic Conditions
The study of residents' livelihoods in the Village of Tarai Bangun explains that the dominance of trading businesses is in line with the geographical location of the villages which are located on the border of the city, and the outskirts of the city but have a dense population. So, do not be surprised if the people here trade. Data on population-based on occupation can be seen in the following table: Based on economic conditions Tarai village-owned up, the majority of society should be a worked as a trade/self-employed and employees of private companies. The number of workers both from residents and migrants, making the economic wheel of the community, especially the trade sector, services, and home rental business. The field observations show that the house and the surrounding environment are in good condition, besides that there are many public facilities, educational facilities, health facilities and village offices in good condition. This shows the level of community welfare is good and does not include indicators of poor families. Even so, there are still ± 109 poor households in this village. While unemployment in the village this can be seen in the table below: The amount of family welfare can be seen in the following table:

Community Activities
Activities in Tarai village Build in addition to worship, the community also earn a living that his work as traders and private employees as well as wife house. The livelihood of the people is influenced by the position of the village which is on the border.

Actors, Interests, Networks and Social Position a. Actor's Social Position
To further illustrate the position and background of each actor in social relations, further described for each actor relating to the interests, networks, and social positions with the interests of the social position of the actor.

b. Community Forum Identification
Information about the forums that the community uses to discuss public interests, which is carried out routinely and involves a significant number of communities, is the musrenbang forum consisting of village government officials and each level of society. for the implementation of the forum is not determined every time, but will be carried out if necessary and will be notified to all levels of society or the community who will ask themselves to the village government officials. c. Map of Village Actors The village head has a central role in the community, by having a direct relationship with RW, RT, LKMD, KESRA, Posyandu. d. Network Analysis The strengths and interests of the community towards community leaders are outlined in the table below. Strengths include big, medium, and small influences. While interests include meetings, services, needs that have a large, small and no impact. Based on the table, institutional relationships above, the number of institutions based on the effect with the following distribution: 1) Institutions with a large influence on the community are the village head and BPD and RT 2) Institutions whose influence is currently in the community are the hamlet head, LKMD, and Youth Organization 3) Institutions whose influence is small in the community are RT, Posyandu, Kesra, BUMDes In the institutional relationship above, the position of the institution in the community is based on impacts with development as follows: 1) Institutions that have a large impact are RT, BUMDes, Posyandu, PKK, Youth Organization 2) Institutions that have moderate impacts are the village head, hamlet head, BPD and LKMD 3) Institutions that have a little impact are welfare Based on the table above, it can be said that: 1) Institutions that have a large influence and have a large impact on institutional relations are RT 2) Institutions that have a large influence and have a moderate impact on institutional relations are the village head, BPD 3) Institutions that have a large influence and have little impact on society are nonexistent 4) The institution whose influence is moderate and has a great impact on the community is the PKK, Karang Taruna 5) Institutions with moderate influence and moderate impact on the community are the Head of the Hamlet and LKMD 6) Institutions with moderate influence and little impact on society are nonexistent 7) Institutions with low influence and a big impact on the community are those that have little impact and have a large impact on the community, are Posyandu and BUMDes 8) Institutions with little influence and moderate impact on society are nonexistent. 9) Institutions that have little influence and little impact on society are welfare.

Potential Identification
A sustainable livelihood framework provides guidance to identify potential human resources, natural resources, social resources (social capital), financial support facilities (financial capital) and infrastructure conditions.

Vulnerable Group Identification
There are 2 vulnerable groups in Tarai Bangun Village, namely vulnerable groups to disasters, and changes in socioeconomic conditions. Poor people, including those who are vulnerable to changes in socio-economic conditions, will have problems if they face conditions and sudden changes such as one of their family members suffering from illness and must be treated in hospital. This is because they do not have assets that can be used to pay for hospital treatment.
In addition to poor families who are vulnerable to changes in socioeconomic conditions, some children are vulnerable to social and economic problems (juvenile delinquency).

Conflict Identification
Because conflict is seen from the degree of significance of the variables on the occurrence of conflict events, although it cannot be measured quantitatively, an academic explanation of the degree of significance is needed to determine the position of the dimensions of the cause because in the case under study, the validity of this cause variable is seen from the answers to opinions and information from key informants which qualitatively expresses this level of significance. Field findings show that there are two conflict variables in the Tarai Bangun Village community, which can be seen in the following table. The problem of poverty in the Tara Bangun village is caused by not meeting basic needs, and being at the latent level, which is a conflict that is hidden in nature and needs to be raised to the surface

Source: Research interview results
Based on the results depth interviews with several key informants obtained that Tarai village wake concludes degrees causes of the conflict on the big stage. This is due to donations in the area of Tarai Bangun which are significant to be the cause of conflict. The potential conflicts caused by those susceptible mitigated by good coordination with government officials. When seen the pattern of relationships created in the community is more formal in nature, all affairs are regulated by village officials, especially RT. If there is a conflict in the community, it is usually resolved officially by the RT, then by the village, sub-district and the police.

Identification of Social Problems
Identification of social problems is obtained through the community. The following results identify social problems that can be seen in the following table:

DISCUSSION
Based on the analysis of some social issues in the village of Tarai Wake namely Oversight ng of unemployment, delinquency, poverty, and health. Unemployment is caused by internal and external factors. The cause of internal factors is the low level of education, lack of expertise and the habit of receiving without trying to get more. While external factors are the high competition for decent work and high minimum wages, which causes some people to judge if wages below the standard are the same as unemployment. Unemployment during the productive period can cause social problems in society such as crime, drug abuse, and conflict-prone and easily provoke by provocateurs. This needs to be anticipated by conducting productive diversion activities such as developing sports talent, training in productive skills and so on. While the problem of juvenile delinquency is due to the position of villages on the border and where people passing by from various regions, are prone to youth conflict. Not to mention that there is also an internal influence that causes adolescents to do things outside the norms that apply in society. Besides, another problem faced by the community is flooding. The problem of flooding is a major problem in urban areas and densely populated areas, even though the area already has a river built to flow through water. However, it has not been able to be overcome even more so if it rains for up to a day, we can be sure the area there is prone to flooding. Flooding is caused by water sent from Panam that is flowed to the wake dance village, resulting in excessive remembrance. And the drains are not large and are often clogged with garbage. For this reason, the government and the community still need to be improved again how to deal with this flood properly. This has an impact on public health such as skin diseases and DHF.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of social interaction that occur on an ongoing basis will form a unit of community life. In this case, the parties who are the actors of the social interaction process on the village actor map explained that the village head has a central role in the community, by having a direct relationship to RW, RT, LKMD, KESRA, Posyandu. A sustainable livelihood framework provides guidance to identify potential human resources, natural resources, social resources (social capital), financial support facilities (financial capital) and the condition of public infrastructure. Based on the mapping done in Tarai Bangun Village, it was concluded that there were four main socio-economic problems, namely poverty, unemployment, juvenile delinquency and health.
By giving scholarships to underprivileged children and the Kejar Paket C Program because there are still many people who do not graduate from Elementary School as many as 307 people will reduce the impact of poverty from the educational factor. Whereas for the short term through the provision of literary rice (pre-prosperous rice) and the family hope program. Community empowerment by providing entrepreneurial skills and skills training because the age of the community is dominated by high school graduates and the profession of housewives. So that with this training can open employment opportunities and help the family economy. Providing support for religious activities such as sunset reading to the high school-age community and socialization in the village environment about the dangers of drugs, fighting and others to minimize juvenile delinquency. Frequent flooding results in public health. For this reason, public awareness is needed by providing regular counselling about the importance of maintaining environmental hygiene.