Indonesian Journal of Economics, Social, and Humanities

The Effect of Effective Tax Rate, Investor Sentiment, and ESG on Earnings Management

Putri Nabila Musfi — 2026-10-10

Earnings management refers to opportunistic actions by management in preparing financial statements through the use of accounting discretion to potentially mislead stakeholders regarding reported earnings. This practice has become a critical issue, particularly in the post-pandemic healthcare sector, which faces pressures related to performance, reputation, and public trust. This study aims to analyze the effects of Effective Tax Rate (ETR), investor sentiment, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) on earnings management practices in healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021–2024. The study population consists of 34 healthcare sector companies listed on the IDX; using purposive sampling, 26 companies were selected as the research sample, yielding a total of 104 observations. The study used a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from annual reports, sustainability reports, and capital market databases. The dependent variable of earnings management was measured using the Modified Jones Model of discretionary accruals, while the independent variables included the effective tax rate, investor sentiment based on market turnover, and the ESG Disclosure Index based on GRI. Data analysis utilized panel data regression with tests of classical assumptions and selection of the best model via the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange multiplier tests. The results indicate that the effective tax rate does not significantly affect earnings management; investor sentiment has a significant positive effect on earnings management, while ESG does not significantly affect earnings management. These findings suggest that capital market pressures and investor expectations drive management to adjust earnings to make the company’s performance appear stable, while ESG practices in the healthcare sector in Indonesia are still in the early stages of adoption and thus have not yet become an effective monitoring mechanism to limit opportunistic management behavior.

The Effect of Financial Distress, Tax Planning, Deferred Tax Assets, Deferred Tax Liabilities and Deferred Tax Expenses on Earnings Management

Ari Indah Elisabeth Tambunan — 2026-10-10

Earnings management is an approach that allows managers to increase or decrease stated earnings from actual earnings by utilizing the flexibility of accounting standards and procedures. This approach is intended to make the company's financial performance appear more favorable to stakeholders who are interested in the company's performance and condition. This results in the financial information no longer accurately reflecting the actual situation and affects the quality of financial statements. This study aims to determine the effect of financial distress, tax planning, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and deferred tax expenses on earnings management. The study population consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021-2023, totaling 228 companies. The sample criteria used in this study are as follows: 1) Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023, 2) manufacturing companies that earned profits or did not report losses in 2021-2023, and 3) manufacturing companies with adequate data on the variables required in the study, resulting in a sample of 42 companies. The sample collection method used purposive sampling. The analytical tool in this study was multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the variables of financial distress, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and deferred tax expenses affect earnings management, while the variable of tax planning does not affect earnings management.

The Effect of Occupational Safety and Health on Performance Through the Mediating Variable of Discipline on Employees of PT. Energi Mega Persada Bentu-Korinci Baru Limited

Zulkifli Zulkifli — 2026-10-10

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of occupational safety and health on performance through discipline variables as mediation in Energi Mega Persada Bentu-Korinci Baru Limited employees. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. The data collection technique used is by using a structured questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was conducted to obtain information from respondents about the Effect of Occupational Safety and Health on Performance Through Discipline Variables as Mediation in Energi Mega Persada Bentu-Korinci Baru Limited Employees. The population in this study were all Energi Mega Persada Bentu-Korinci Baru Limited Employees totaling 160 people. In this study, the Probability Sampling technique was used with sampling carried out using the census method where the entire population was sampled using the SEM technique. The results of this study indicate that Occupational Safety has a significant effect on work discipline. Occupational health has a significant effect on work discipline. Occupational safety has a significant effect on employee performance. This means that the company has provided work tools for Safety, Health & Environment where employees work where warning signs are always given so that employee performance can improve. Occupational health has a significant effect on employee performance. Work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance. This means that employees are very disciplined in working to comply with the rules that have been agreed upon together so that it improves employee performance. Occupational safety has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline. This means that with the increasing level of employee work discipline and supported by complete equipment in working, it will improve employee performance. Occupational health has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline. This means that the work discipline of employees always enters with working hours in accordance with company regulations and is supported by routine checks on employees so that it can improve employee performance.